Pancreatitis in Dogs: Causes and Preventing Flare-Ups

Exactly what triggers pancreatitis in dogs is often hard to determine, but certain risk factors have been identified. Read on to learn more about them and how you can take steps to reduce your dog’s chances of developing the condition or experiencing a return of symptoms.

Causes of Pancreatitis in Dogs

So how do dogs get pancreatitis? In many cases, the exact cause of pancreatitis in dogs remains unknown, which is why it’s often called idiopathic. However, several risk factors have been associated with the development of this condition. These include genetics and breed predispositions, diet, other medical conditions and certain medications or toxins.

Genetic and Breed Predispositions

Some dog breeds are more likely to develop pancreatitis. Miniature Schnauzers are the most commonly affected, partly because of their tendency for high blood fat levels. Other breeds that may be at higher risk for acute pancreatitis include Alaskan Malamutes, Cocker Spaniels, Dachshunds, Laikas, Miniature Poodles and Yorkshire Terriers. Breeds more prone to chronic pancreatitis include Boxers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Collies. English Cocker Spaniels may have a unique form that often occurs alongside other health issues.

Nutritional Factors

• High-fat diets are strongly associated with triggering or worsening pancreatitis. A low-fat diet (less than 20% fat on a metabolizable energy basis) is often recommended for dogs with a history of pancreatitis, although sometimes decreasing the dietary fat relative to the current diet can be helpful, especially if therapeutic low-fat diets are not available.
• Eating unusual foods, including unfamiliar treats or human food, table scraps, and trash or compost (which carries a very high risk).

Age and Body Condition

• Dogs of any age can be affected, but pancreatitis is more common in middle-aged to older dogs.
• Overweight and neutered dogs have an increased risk, although this may be related to lifestyle and dietary factors.

Other Medical Conditions

Other types of pancreas issues in dogs include:

• Hypertriglyceridemia. High blood fats can be toxic to the pancreas. This is common in breeds like the Miniature Schnauzer and has been linked to more frequent or severe pancreatitis.
• Hypercalcemia. High blood calcium levels can irritate and damage the pancreas.
• Endocrine disorders, such as:
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM). Dogs with diabetes are at increased risk for pancreatitis, and vice versa. Inflammation of the pancreas may even contribute to the development of diabetes.
  • Hypothyroidism.
  • Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism).

Medications and Toxins

You may be wondering, “What toxins cause pancreatitis in dogs?” Although rare, several drugs and toxins have been associated with pancreatitis in dogs. Examples include some antibiotics, seizure medications, chemotherapy drugs, steroids and even zinc.

A detailed medication and toxin history is important if pancreatitis is suspected.

Miscellaneous Risk Factors

Other health issues can sometimes increase the risk of pancreatitis. These include certain infectious diseases (like babesiosis or leishmaniasis), liver disease or metabolic problems and even previous surgeries that weren’t spay or neuter procedures.

Prevention of Pancreatitis in Dogs

With prompt treatment, many dogs with mild or moderate pancreatitis recover well within a few days to a week. To help reduce the risk of pancreatitis returning:

• Your veterinarian may recommend feeding a low-fat, easily digestible diet like Pro Plan^® Veterinary Diets EN Gastroenteric^® Low Fat Dry Canine Formula.
• Avoid table scraps, fatty treats, and access to garbage.
• Keep your dog at a healthy weight with regular exercise.
• Schedule routine checkups and lab work.

Working with your veterinarian is essential to help your dog feel better and stay healthy.

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For more expert tips on dog health, explore our other dog symptom articles.

Reference

1. Cridge H, Lim SY, Algül H, Steiner JM. New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: potential impacts on clinical practice. J Vet Intern Med. 2022;36(3):847-864.