Caucasian Shepherd Dog

Thoughtful and observant, Caucasian Shepherds were originally bred to guard and have the muscles, large wedge-shaped heads, and self-confidence to prove it. There are two types: the Mountain Caucasian Shepherd and the Steppe Caucasian Shepherd. The Steppe has a shorter coat and lighter body than the Mountain variety.  

Caucasian Shepherd Dog Breed Overview

Regal-looking and pensive, the Caucasian Shepherd dog can be a strong-willed dog. They are an ancient breed that comes from the area where Europe meets Asia, and were originally bred to guard thanks to their imposing presence. They are generally even-keeled dogs, especially around their families, but they can be territorial if not trained properly around people or animals they don’t know. Training and socialization are extremely important to create a well-behaved Caucasian Shepherd.  

Caucasian Shepherd Dog Facts

• A giant dog breed that can weigh up to 170 pounds
• An ancient dog breed that dates back thousands of years
• There are two modern types; the Mountain Caucasian Shepherd and the Steppe Caucasian Shepherd
• They go by many names, including Caucasian Sheepdogs, Kawakasky Owtscharka, Kaukasische Schäferhund, and Caucasian Ovcharka
• Their coats can be a wide variety of colors except for all black  
• They first came to America in the 1970s  

How to Care for Your Caucasian Shepherd Dog

Here’s what you need to know about nutrition and feeding, health and wellness, grooming and hygiene, and living with Caucasian Shepherd dogs.  

Nutrition & Feeding

What to Feed a Caucasian Shepherd Dog

These massive dogs require a lean diet that is high in protein and fat to maintain their energy levels and muscle mass, and an adult Caucasian Shepherd that weighs 130 pounds should get about 2,400 calories a day. Puppies will need a large breed dog food geared specifically towards supporting growth, such as Purina ONE +Plus Large Breed Puppy Formula Dry Dog Food. Adult Caucasian Shepherds should eat food that is heavy on protein. This breed’s weight needs to be managed well to prevent joint strain, so a formula like Pro Plan Adult Large Breed Weight Management Chicken & Rice Formula Dry Dog Food is a good option.  

How Much to Feed a Caucasian Shepherd Dog

Caucasian Shepherds require a lot of food, so your vet is your best guide to help you determine how much to feed them. Puppies can eat three to four small meals a day to maintain energy, and adults can eat at two scheduled feedings. Their weight will need to be carefully managed, as obesity can lead to joint damage. Check out the Purina Feeding Calculator to get an exact food amount for your dog based on weight, age, activity level, and more.  

Treats & Supplements

Because the Caucasian Shepherd’s weight needs careful management, treats should be given sparingly and preferably in conjunction with positive reinforcement training. Treats should not exceed 10% of the dog’s daily calories. Supplements that the Caucasian Shepherd might need include glucosamine to promote healthy joints, something you can discuss with your vet.

Health & Wellness

Veterinary Care

Your Caucasian Shepherd should get regular vet checkups (prevent parasites, vaccines, and general wellness checks). Weight is something your vet will want to keep an eye on to ensure that your dog maintains an ideal body condition and is not placing strain on their joints. Responsible dog owners will talk to their vet about spaying or neutering their dogs and getting them on a dental care plan to help prevent tartar buildup and gum disease.

Caucasian Shepherd Dog Enrichment & Exercise Needs

Caucasian Shepherds enjoy exercise like leash walking, hiking, and free running in a secure, fenced-in area. They aren’t as high-energy as other dogs their size, but they do need regular exercise to help maintain a healthy weight, and owners who can control their massive size. Mental enrichment activities, such as chew toys and playtime, can tire their brains.

Understanding Your Caucasian Shepherd Dog’s Behavior

Understanding the Caucasian Shepherd temperament is important. These dogs have a very high prey drive and can be territorial. They need early, consistent training that’s centered around positive reinforcement, as well as socialization to familiarize them with unknown people and places. They’ll thrive with predictable routines.

What to Expect as Your Caucasian Shepherd Dog Ages

With a Caucasian Shepherd’s lifespan of 10 to 12 years, joint health and obesity are two of the major concerns as they get older. As they age, they might develop hip dysplasia, which is common among larger dogs. Their weight needs careful management, especially in old age. Senior dog foods with specific weight management formulas like Purina Pro Plan Adult 7+ Shredded Blend Weight Management Chicken & Rice Formula Senior Dry Dog Food can help.

Grooming & Hygiene

Skin & Coat Health

There are two types of coats for the Caucasian Shepherd dog: long and short. The longer coat needs frequent brushing to prevent matting and tangles and to remove dead or loose hairs. The shorter coat is more low-maintenance and doesn’t need as much brushing. These dogs can be bathed as needed, and keep in mind they need a lot of time to dry. Their coats should be dried completely to help prevent skin irritations. Because of their size, grooming might be best outsourced to a professional.

Ear, Paw & Dental Care

Inspect your dog’s ears, especially in humid temperatures, and clean them with a vet-approved cleaning regimen. Check their paws for scrapes, cuts, and infections regularly, and be sure to trim their nails, as long nails can impact joint health. Brush your dog’s teeth regularly and speak to your vet if you have any concerns about signs of gum disease.

Anal Gland Care

Caucasian Shepherd dogs are likely to naturally express their anal glands, but they could get abscesses. If your dog is scooting, licking excessively, emitting a foul-smelling odor, or is having trouble going to the bathroom, call your vet for professional help.

Living With a Caucasian Shepherd Dog

Living Space

Because the Caucasian Shepherd dog can weigh up to 170 pounds, it’s ideal that they have a lot of space indoors and outside to roam around and get comfortable. Big dogs need big crates and big dog beds, something to consider as well. They are naturally aloof dogs and might become territorial, so a fenced-in yard is best. Always supervise children and other animals around them.

Socialization

The Caucasian Shepherd is an independent and smart dog breed; reputable Caucasian Shepherd breeders will begin socialization early, but new owners and those who have adopted this breed will need to continue with consistent positive reinforcement training to overcome their protective instincts. They are incredibly protective of their families and homes, so socialization can really help with unfamiliar people (although they’ll likely always be territorial when delivery people come by, hence the need for a secure fence).

Climate Considerations

The dog’s thick, double coat is meant for colder climates, and they don’t do as well in warmer temperatures. If you live in a warmer climate, exercise your dog in the coolest hours of the day, make sure they have plenty of shade and water, and limit their exposure to the outdoors in general when it’s hot outside.

Potential Challenges

Caucasian Shepherd owners should have experience with large breeds. While the dog isn’t as highly active as other similar breeds, they do have protective instincts that will need to be monitored and eased through socialization and training. Their self-confidence can lead to some pushback on training, but stay consistent with it for the best results. They do better with families that have no children or older children who can respect the dog. They thrive on routine.

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